amfetamin making
How To Make Amfetamine

ity you can get. You
should be careful not to allow the inside temperature of the terrarium
to get above 80 degrees F. In order to effectively use this adaptation,
your terrarium will need to be in a cool location.
Advantage:
You will be able to generate an extra 5% of humidity over ambient by
using this adaptation.
Disadvantages:
You will increase the temperature inside your terrarium some by
doing this. You can minimize the temperature increase by using a
container to hold the water that is well insulated. You want the water
warm, but you don't want heat leaking any more than necessary into
the terrarium.
(24 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
Back to Method 2, Using a Fish Tank Bubblier.
table of contents.
Adaptation-14: Use of Angel Hair to Raise Humidity.
If you are using the fish tank bubblier system to create humidity in
your terrarium, you can place angel hair or anything else that will
slow the bubbles rise in the water container. Simply pack it into the
container. This will increase humidity by several percent. Ideally, you
want to slow the bubbles but also split them into smaller bubbles.
Some plastic versions of steel wool for use washing dishes work well.
Steel wool would work well except that it will rust and get nasty.
Advantage:
You will be able to generate an extra 1% or 2% of humidity over
ambient by using this adaptation. The smaller the bubbles are and the
more time they spend in the water, the greater the benefit.
Disadvantages:
None.
Back to Method 2, Using a Fish Tank Bubblier
table of contents.
Adaptation-15: Supporting Extra Terrariums with the Ultra
Sonic Humidifier
First, build an extra Growing Chamber. Then on one of the 2 liter
coke bottles, poke an extra hole. Insert a grommet and make this
(25 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
bottle the last stage for drying the air. Even the most basic ultra sonic
humidifier can feed more than one terrarium with sufficient quantities
of humid air to keep everything in the ideal range for the fungus.
Advantage:
You get twice the growing area for your mushrooms. Your crops can
be twice as big. Alternatively, you can use one terrarium for older
cakes. Older cakes are significantly more likely to become
contaminated and pose a threat to the other cakes in the terrarium.
Moving older cakes to the second terrarium drastically reduces your
chances of a crop failure.
Disadvantages:
You need to build an extra Growing Chamber, and it takes up a little
space.
Back to construction of Ultra Sonic support system.
table of contents.
Adaptation-16: Use of an Ice-Pak to Initiate Fruiting.
You can keep the terrarium's temperature between 80 and 95 degrees
F. If you have a terrarium setup that uses an ultra sonic humidifier,
you can place a reusable, frozen Ice-Pak in the Terrarium. This will
cool everything down ]
The funny thing is the more i take of it the better i feel
Free Diet Pill The funny thing is the more i take It with ephedra
diet with It with ephedra
diet with Ephedra with ephedra
diet with It with ephedra
diet with It of it the better i feel
The stem of this herb contains the active compounds Ephedrine and Pseudo-ephedrine ching the effects, it was discovered that amphetamines could
awaken dogs that were under anesthesia. This discovery led to the use of
amphetamines, in pill form, to treat narcolepsy (Feldman et al., 1997).
Amphetamines were also rumored to have been used in Japan, Britain, Germany,
and the U.S. during World War II (Brecher 1972; Lovett, 1994; Feldman
et al., 1997). U.S. and Japanese army personnel are said to have used amphetamines
to stay awake and alert while assigned to especially long periods on
duty (Feldman et al., 1997). Because of the use of amphetamines by Japanese
soldiers, Japan “suffered a serious methamphetamine problem during early
postwar years” (Suwaki, 1991).
Amphetamine use became so common that college students in the 1950s
and 1960s used amphetamines to stay awake all night to study for exams.
Long-haul truckers named their routes after how much amphetamine was
needed to make the trip. To get halfway across the U.S., truckers used “St.
Louie,” and for a transcontinental truck run, “West Coast turnabouts” were
used (Feldman et al., 1997).
In the 1960s, California users of amphetamine began using speedballs,
which are a combination of amphetamine and heroin taken intravenously.
Physicians of the Haight-Ashbury Free Clinic in San Francisco tried to warn
the public of the dangers of amphetamines by coining the term “speed kills.”
Dr. D. Smith of the Haight-Ashbury Free Clinic said:
In the 1970s the Haight-Ashbury area, of San Francisco,
turned into one of the most violent areas of the city. It
was a direct result of the amphetamine epidemic. In
addition, we saw a great deal of amphetamine psychosis,
©
2003
by CRC Press LLC
from high doses of amphetamine producing paranoia,
auditory, and visual hallucinations. We started getting
a feel that the medical and the psychiatric system did
not know how to handle drug epidemics. For example,
I was also running the alcohol and drug abuse-screening
unit at San Francisco General Hospital where with the
diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia you treat with
long-term psychotropic medication. With amphetamine
psychosis you detoxify them and use a short-term
course of psychotropic medication and get them into
recove
The technology of ancient wine making (open fermentation in crocks
or vats) would only produce a six-percent alcohol content. This would be
quickly reduced to acetic acid (vinegar). Ancient wine was produced
exactly the same as modern vinegar. So, a stable vinegar solution was
probably the basis of ancient wine. Vinegar is, however, not intoxicating.
One explanation is that vinegar was used as a vehicle for carrying other
drugs. Dried drug plants such as poppy (opium), datura, henbane, etc.
being extracted with the vinegar. (With the possible exception of opium
and ephedra, none of these other plants would really be pleasant in their
effects.) Vinegar would then preserve these drugs in solution. This would
allow bottling, transport and u
When more and more of us choose clean
Burner Fat green products, as more and more of our dollars go towards sustainable industry, only then will these profit hungry trans-national corporations turn their focus from munching through our planet’s resources and spewing out poisons
making amfetamine
ching the effects, it was discovered that amphetamines could
awaken dogs that were under anesthesia. This discovery led to the use of
amphetamines, in pill form, to treat narcolepsy (Feldman et al., 1997).
Amphetamines were also rumored to have been used in Japan, Britain, Germany,
and the U.S. during World War II (Brecher 1972; Lovett, 1994; Feldman
et al., 1997). U.S. and Japanese army personnel are said to have used amphetamines
to stay awake and alert while assigned to especially long periods on
duty (Feldman et al., 1997). Because of the use of amphetamines by Japanese
soldiers, Japan “suffered a serious methamphetamine problem during early
postwar years” (Suwaki, 1991).
Amphetamine use became so common that college students in the 1950s
and 1960s used amphetamines to stay awake all night to study for exams.
Long-haul truckers named their routes after how much amphetamine was
needed to make the trip. To get halfway across the U.S., truckers used “St.
Louie,” and for a transcontinental truck run, “West Coast turnabouts” were
used (Feldman et al., 1997).
In the 1960s, California users of amphetamine began using speedballs,
which are a combination of amphetamine and heroin taken intravenously.
Physicians of the Haight-Ashbury Free Clinic in San Francisco tried to warn
the public of the dangers of amphetamines by coining the term “speed kills.”
Dr. D. Smith of the Haight-Ashbury Free Clinic said:
In the 1970s the Haight-Ashbury area, of San Francisco,
turned into one of the most violent areas of the city. It
was a direct result of the amphetamine epidemic. In
addition, we saw a great deal of amphetamine psychosis,
©
2003
by CRC Press LLC
from high doses of amphetamine producing paranoia,
auditory, and visual hallucinations. We started getting
a feel that the medical and the psychiatric system did
not know how to handle drug epidemics. For example,
I was also running the alcohol and drug abuse-screening
unit at San Francisco General Hospital where with the
diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia you treat with
long-term psychotropic medication. With amphetamine
psychosis you detoxify them and use a short-term
course of psychotropic medication and get them into
recove
The technology of ancient wine making (open fermentation in crocks
or vats) would only produce a six-percent alcohol content. This would be
quickly reduced to acetic acid (vinegar). Ancient wine was produced
exactly the same as modern vinegar. So, a stable vinegar solution was
probably the basis of ancient wine. Vinegar is, however, not intoxicating.
One explanation is that vinegar was used as a vehicle for carrying other
drugs. Dried drug plants such as poppy (opium), datura, henbane, etc.
being extracted with the vinegar. (With the possible exception of opium
and ephedra, none of these other plants would really be pleasant in their
effects.) Vinegar would then preserve these drugs in solution. This would
allow bottling, transport and u
ity you can get. You
should be careful not to allow the inside temperature of the terrarium
to get above 80 degrees F. In order to effectively use this adaptation,
your terrarium will need to be in a cool location.
Advantage:
You will be able to generate an extra 5% of humidity over ambient by
using this adaptation.
Disadvantages:
You will increase the temperature inside your terrarium some by
doing this. You can minimize the temperature increase by using a
container to hold the water that is well
Making Amfetamine
insulated. You want the water
warm, but you don't want heat leaking any more than necessary into
the terrarium.
(24 of 39) [5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
Back to Method 2, Using a Fish Tank Bubblier.
table of contents.
Adaptation-14: Use of Angel Hair to Raise Humidity.
If you are using the fish tank bubblier system to create humidity in
your terrarium, you can place angel hair or anything else that will
slow the bubbles rise in the water container. Simply pack it into the
container. This will increase humidity by several percent. Ideally, you
want to slow the bubbles but also split them into smaller bubbles.
Some plastic versions of steel wool for use washing dishes work well.
Steel wool would work well except that it will rust and get nasty.
Advantage:
You will be able to generate an extra 1% or 2% of humidity over
ambient by using this adaptation.
Making Amfetamin The smaller the bubbles are and the
more time they spend in the water, the greater the benefit.
Disadvantages:
None.
Back to Method 2, Using a Fish Tank Bubblier
table of contents.
Adaptation-15: Supporting Extra Terrariums with the Ultra
Sonic Humidifier
First, build an extra Growing Chamber. Then on one of the 2 liter
coke bottles, poke an extra hole. Insert a grommet and make this
(25 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
bottle the last stage for drying the air. Even the most basic ultra sonic
humidifier can feed more than one terrarium with sufficient quantities
of humid air to keep everything in the ideal range for the fungus.
Advantage:
You get twice the growing area for your mushrooms. Your crops can
be twice as big. Alternatively, you can use one terrarium for older
cakes. Older cakes are significantly more likely to become
contaminated and pose a threat to the other cakes in the terrarium.
Moving older cakes to the second terrarium drastically reduces your
chances of a crop failure.
Disadvantages:
You need to build an extra Growing Chamber, and it takes up a little
space.
Back to construction of Ultra Sonic support system.
table of contents.
Adaptation-16: Use of an Ice-Pak to Initiate Fruiting.
You can keep the terrarium's temperature between 80 and 95 degrees
F.
If you have a terrarium setup that uses an ultra sonic humidifier,
you can place a reusable, frozen Ice-Pak in the Terrarium. This will
cool everything down ity you can get. You
should be careful not to allow the inside temperature of the terrarium
to get above 80 degrees F. In order to effectively use this adaptation,
your terrarium will need to be in a cool location.
Advantage:
You will be able to generate an extra 5% of humidity over ambient by
using this adaptation.
Disadvantages:
You will increase the temperature inside your terrarium some by
doing this. You can minimize the temperature increase by using a
container to hold the water that is well insulated. You want the water
warm, but you don't want heat leaking any more than necessary into
the terrarium.
(24 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
Back to Method 2, Using a Fish Tank Bubblier.
table of contents.
Adaptation-14: Use of Angel Hair to Raise Humidity.
If you are using the fish tank bubblier system to create humidity in
your terrarium, you can place angel hair or anything else that will
slow the bubbles rise in the water container. Simply pack it into the
container. This will increase humidity by several percent. Ideally, you
want to slow the bubbles but also split them into smaller bubbles.
Some plastic versions of steel wool for use washing dishes work well.
Steel wool would work well except that it will rust and get nasty.
Advantage:
You will be able to generate an extra 1% or 2% of humidity over
ambient by using this adaptation.
The smaller the bubbles are and the
more time they spend in the water, the greater the benefit.
Disadvantages:
None.
Back to Method 2, Using a Fish Tank Bubblier
table of contents.
Adaptation-15: Supporting Extra Terrariums with the Ultra
Sonic Humidifier
First, build an extra Growing Chamber. Then on one of the 2 liter
coke bottles, poke an extra hole. Insert a grommet and make this
(25 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
bottle the last stage for drying the air. Even the most basic ultra sonic
humidifier can feed more than one terrarium with sufficient quantities
of humid air to keep everything in the ideal range for the fungus.
Advantage:
You get twice the growing area for your mushrooms. Your crops can
be twice as big. Alternatively, you can use one terrarium for older
cakes. Older cakes are significantly more likely to become
contaminated and pose a threat to the other cakes in the terrarium.
Moving older cakes to the second terrarium drastically reduces your
chances of a crop failure.
Disadvantages:
You need to build an extra Growing Chamber, and it takes up a little
space.
Back to construction of Ultra Sonic support system.
table of contents.
Adaptation-16: Use of an Ice-Pak to Initiate Fruiting.
You can keep the terrarium's temperature between 80 and 95 degrees
F. If you have a terrarium setup that uses an ultra sonic humidifier,
you can place a reusable, frozen Ice-Pak in the Terrarium. This will
cool everything down ity you can get. You
should be careful not to allow the inside temperature of the terrarium
to get above 80 degrees F. In order to effectively use this adaptation,
your terrarium will need to be in a cool location.
Advantage:
You will be able to generate an extra 5% of humidity over ambient by
using this adaptation.
Disadvantages:
You will increase the temperature inside your terrarium some by
doing this. You can minimize the temperature increase by using a
container to hold the water that is well insulated. You want the water
warm, but you don't want heat leaking any more than necessary into
the terrarium.
(24 of 39) [5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
Back to Method 2, Using a Fish Tank Bubblier.
table of contents.
Adaptation-14: Use of Angel Hair to Raise Humidity.
If you are using the fish tank bubblier system to create humidity in
your terrarium, you can place angel hair or anything else that will
slow the bubbles rise in the water container. Simply pack it into the
container. This will increase humidity by several percent. Ideally, you
want to slow the bubbles but also split them into smaller bubbles.
Some plastic versions of steel wool for use washing dishes work well.
Steel wool would work well except that it will rust and get nasty.
Advantage:
You will be able to generate an extra 1% or 2% of humidity over
ambient by using this adaptation. The smaller the bubbles are and the
more time they spend in the water, the greater the benefit.
Disadvantages:
None.
Back to Method 2, Using a Fish Tank Bubblier
table of contents.
Adaptation-15: Supporting Extra Terrariums with the Ultra
Sonic Humidifier
First, build an extra Growing Chamber. Then on one of the 2 liter
coke bottles, poke an extra hole. Insert a grommet and make this
(25 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
bottle the last stage for drying the air. Even the most basic ultra sonic
humidifier can feed more than one terrarium with sufficient quantities
of humid air to keep everything in the ideal range for the fungus.
Advantage:
You get twice the growing area for your mushrooms. Your crops can
be twice as big. Alternatively, you can use one terrarium for older
cakes. Older cakes are significantly more likely to become
contaminated and pose a threat to the other cakes in the terrarium.
Moving older cakes to the second terrarium drastically reduces your
chances of a crop failure.
Disadvantages:
You need to build an extra Growing Chamber, and it takes up a little
space.
Back to construction of Ultra Sonic support system.
table of contents.
Adaptation-16: Use of an Ice-Pak to Initiate Fruiting.
You can keep the terrarium's temperature between 80 and 95 degrees
F. If you have a terrarium setup that uses an ultra sonic humidifier,
you can place a reusable, frozen Ice-Pak in the Terrarium. This will
cool everything down ity you can get. You
should be careful not to allow the inside temperature of the terrarium
to get above 80 degrees F. In order to effectively use this adaptation,
your terrarium will need to be in a cool location.
Advantage:
You will be able to generate an extra 5% of humidity over ambient by
using this adaptation.
Disadvantages:
You will increase the temperature inside your terrarium some by
doing this. You can minimize the temperature increase by using a
container to hold the water that is well insulated. You want the water
warm, but you don't want heat leaking any more than necessary into
the terrarium.
(24 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
Back to Method 2, Using a Fish Tank Bubblier.
table of contents.
Adaptation-14: Use of Angel Hair to Raise Humidity.
If you are using the fish tank bubblier system to create humidity in
your terrarium, you can place angel hair or anything else that will
slow the bubbles rise in the water container. Simply pack it into the
container. This will increase humidity by several percent.
Ideally, you
want to slow the bubbles but also split them into smaller bubbles.
Some plastic versions of steel wool for use washing dishes work well.
Steel wool would work well except that it will rust and get nasty.
Advantage:
You will be able to generate an extra 1% or 2% of humidity over
ambient by using this adaptation. The smaller the bubbles are and the
more time they spend in the water, the greater the benefit.
Disadvantages:
None.
Back to Method 2, Using a Fish Tank Bubblier
table of contents.
Adaptation-15: Supporting Extra Terrariums with the Ultra
Sonic Humidifier
First, build an extra Growing Chamber. Then on one of the 2 liter
coke bottles, poke an extra hole. Insert a grommet and make this
(25 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
bottle the last stage for drying the air. Even the most basic ultra sonic
humidifier can feed more than one terrarium with sufficient quantities
of humid air to keep everything in the ideal range for the fungus.
Advantage:
You get twice the growing area for your mushrooms.
Your crops can
be twice as big. Alternatively, you can use one terrarium for older
cakes. Older cakes are significantly more likely to become
contaminated and pose a threat to the other cakes in the terrarium.
Moving older cakes to the second terrarium drastically reduces your
chances of a crop failure.
Disadvantages:
You need to build an extra Growing Chamber, and it takes up a little
space.
Back to construction of Ultra Sonic support system.
table of contents.
Adaptation-16: Use of an Ice-Pak to Initiate Fruiting.
You can keep the terrarium's temperature between 80 and 95 degrees
F. If you have a terrarium setup that uses an ultra sonic humidifier,
you can place a reusable, frozen Ice-Pak in the Terrarium. This will
cool everything down
Ephedra as weight loss supplement
Ephedra reduces appetite and stimulates fat metabolism, making it very effective as weight-loss supplement. The active compound in Ephedra (Ma Huang) is ephedrine. Ephedrine increases the metabolic rate, so that your body burns fats and sugar more efficiently. By mobilizing stored fat and carbohydrate reserves, ephedrine reduces your appetite.
The best way to keep unwanted weight off remains reducing your food intake and increasing your daily physical activity.
While ephedra is no wonder drug, it can be a valuable aid in Gall Bladder Diet helping you get though your chosen diet and exercise regimen. Please read the articles below for more information.
Controlled Burn: How Ephedrine-based Fat-burners Work And How You Can Use Them Properly
What's new when using ephedra to lose weight.
Herbal Ephedrine Shows Promise
Research has proven the fatburning qualities of ephedra herb.
Ask The Herbalist: Is ephedra (Ma Huang) Safe And Effective?
Some tips about losing weight with ephedra.
Ephedra, What Is This Herb? -Weight Loss Aid
Extended article on losing weight with ephedra, and effective combinations with other substances.
Love potions, elixiraposs amp perfumes - spells, potion perfumes, spell casters and psychic. Column love in a bottle researcher may develop love potion love potion 9 due to release may 2009 like love itself, you re only. Gloriousninth.net a delicious recipe for love potion, with absolutampreg vodka, amaretto almond liqueur, peach schnapps, orange juice, cranberry juice and ice cubes also lists similar drink recipes. Love potion no 9 - jezebel love potions - recipes and incantations to attract love ancient love potion recipes have been used for centuries to attract love. Daily love potion - larry james gerina dunwich, the author of many popular books on wicca, modern paganism, and the occult, reveals the secrets of making and using love potions.
These chemical companies are very big and very powerful They do not reproduce chemical copies of powerful healing herbs for the good of human kind Their only intent is profit, regardless of any BODY ‘They’ are also primarily responsible for all GE foods fast tracked into Australia UNTESTED, UNASSESSED and UNLABELLED — reeks of corruption doesn’t it? It really is a pity that Australia is embracing GE food crops when we could take the natural path and become a unique and major exporter of clean green produce to the world)
Powerful companies such as Monsanto act evil because they have no heart, soul or conscience
99
Ice Bud - Herbal Smoking Blend - 5g
Ice Bud - Herbal Smoking Blend - 5g
£15 Ephedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in the family Ephedraceae and order Ephedrales.
These plants occur in dry climates over a wide area mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, across southern Europe, north Africa, southwest and central Asia, southwestern North America, and, in the Southern Hemisphere, in South America south to Patagonia. They are also called Joint-pine, Jointfir, or Mormon-tea. The Chinese name is 麻黄, ma huang, which means "yellow hemp". Ephedra is also sometimes called sea grape (from the French raisin de mer), although that is also a common name for Coccoloba uvifera.
edit]
Species
The following list of species is from the Gymnosperm Database page for Ephedra.
Ephedra alata Decne
Ephedra altissima Desf.
Ephedra antisyphilitica Berl. ex C.A.Meyer - Clapweed, Erect Ephedra
Ephedra aspera Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Boundary Ephedra, Pitamoreal
Ephedra californica S.Wats. - California Ephedra, California Jointfir
Ephedra coryi E.L.Reed - Cory's Ephedra
Ephedra cutleri Peebles - Navajo Ephedra, Cutler's Ephedra, Cutler Mormon-tea, Cutler's Jointfir
Ephedra distachya L. - Joint-pine, Jointfir
Ephedra distachya subsp. helvetica (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra equisetina Bunge - Ma huang
Ephedra fasciculata A.Nels. - Arizona Ephedra, Arizona Jointfir, Desert Mormon-tea
Ephedra fedtschenkoae Pauls.
Ephedra fragilis Desf.
Ephedra fragilis subsp. campylopoda (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra frustillata Miers - Patagonian Ephedra
Ephedra funerea Coville & Morton - Death Valley Ephedra, Death Valley Jointfir
Ephedra gerardiana Wallich ex C.A.Meyer - Gerard's Jointfir, Shan Ling Ma Huang
Ephedra intermedia Schrenk ex C.A.Meyer
Ephedra lepidosperma C.
Y.
Cheng
Ephedra likiangensis Florin
Ephedra macedonica Kos.
Ephedra major Host
Ephedra major subsp. procera Fischer & C.A.Meyer
Ephedra minuta Florin
Ephedra monosperma C.A.Meyer
Ephedra viridis in western NevadaEphedra nevadensis S.Wats. - Nevada Ephedra, Nevada Jointfir, Nevada Mormon-tea
Ephedra pedunculata Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Vine Ephedra, Vine Jointfir
Ephedra przewalskii Stapf
Ephedra przewalskii var. kaschgarica (B.Fedtsch. & Bobr.) C.
Y.
Cheng
Ephedra regeliana Florin - Xi Zi Ma Huang
Ephedra saxatilis (Stapf) Royle ex Florin
Ephedra sinica Stapf - Ma Huang, Chinese ephedra
Ephedra torreyana S.Wats. - Torrey's Ephedra, Torrey's Jointfir, Torrey's Mormon-tea, Cañutillo
Ephedra trifurca Torrey ex S.Wats. - Longleaf Ephedra, Longleaf Jointfir, Longleaf Mormon-tea, Popotilla, Teposote
Ephedra viridis Coville - Green Ephedra, Green Mormon-tea
[edit]
Uses and health concerns
Ephedra distachyaThese plants have traditionally been used by indigenous people for a variety of medicinal purposes, and are a likely candidate for the Soma plant of Indo-Iranian religion. The alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are the active constituents of the plant. Some species in the Ephedra genus have zero alEphedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in the family Ephedraceae and order Ephedrales. These plants occur in dry climates over a wide area mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, across southern Europe, north Africa, southwest and central Asia, southwestern North America, and, in the Southern Hemisphere, in South America south to Patagonia.
They are also called Joint-pine, Jointfir, or Mormon-tea. The Chinese name is 麻黄, ma huang, which means "yellow hemp". Ephedra is also sometimes called sea grape (from the French raisin de mer), although that is also
cleaning ephedrine out of system a common name for Coccoloba uvifera.
edit]
Species
The following list of species is from the Gymnosperm Database page for Ephedra.
Ephedra alata Decne
Ephedra altissima Desf.
Ephedra antisyphilitica Berl. ex C.A.Meyer - Clapweed, Erect Ephedra
Ephedra aspera Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Boundary Ephedra, Pitamoreal
Ephedra californica S.Wats. - California Ephedra, California Jointfir
Ephedra coryi E.L.Reed - Cory's Ephedra
Ephedra cutleri Peebles - Navajo Ephedra, Cutler's Ephedra, Cutler Mormon-tea, Cutler's Jointfir
Ephedra distachya L. - Joint-pine, Jointfir
Ephedra distachya subsp. helvetica (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra equisetina Bunge - Ma huang
Ephedra fasciculata A.Nels. - Arizona Ephedra, Arizona Jointfir, Desert Mormon-tea
Ephedra fedtschenkoae Pauls.
Ephedra fragilis Desf.
Ephedra fragilis subsp. campylopoda (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra frustillata Miers - Patagonian Ephedra
Ephedra funerea Coville & Morton - Death Valley Ephedra, Death Valley Jointfir
Ephedra gerardiana Wallich ex C.A.Meyer - Gerard's Jointfir, Shan Ling Ma Huang
Ephedra intermedia Schrenk ex C.
A.
Meyer
Ephedra lepidosperma C.
Y.
Cheng
Ephedra likiangensis Florin
Ephedra macedonica Kos.
Ephedra major Host
Ephedra major subsp. procera Fischer & C.A.Meyer
Ephedra minuta Florin
Ephedra monosperma C.
A.
Meyer
Ephedra viridis in western NevadaEphedra nevadensis S.Wats. - Nevada Ephedra, Nevada Jointfir, Nevada Mormon-tea
Ephedra pedunculata Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Vine Ephedra, Vine Jointfir
Ephedra przewalskii Stapf
Ephedra przewalskii var. kaschgarica (B.
Fedtsch.
& Bobr.
) C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra regeliana Florin - Xi Zi Ma Huang
Ephedra saxatilis (Stapf) Royle ex Florin
Ephedra sinica Stapf - Ma Huang, Chinese ephedra
Ephedra torreyana S.Wats. - Torrey's Ephedra, Torrey's Jointfir, Torrey's Mormon-tea, Cañutillo
Ephedra trifurca Torrey ex S.Wats. - Longleaf Ephedra, Longleaf Jointfir, Longleaf Mormon-tea, Popotilla, Teposote
Ephedra viridis Coville - Green Ephedra, Green Mormon-tea
edit]
Uses and health concerns
Ephedra distachyaThese plants have traditionally been used by indigenous people for a variety of medicinal purposes, and are a likely candidate for the Soma plant of Indo-Iranian religion. The alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are the active constituents of the plant. Some species in the Ephedra genus have zero alEphedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in the family Ephedraceae and order Ephedrales. These plants occur in dry climates over a wide area mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, across southern Europe, north Africa, southwest and central Best Ephedra Forum Asia, southwestern North America, and, in the Southern Hemisphere, in South America south to Patagonia. They are also called Joint-pine, Jointfir, or Mormon-tea. The Chinese name is 麻黄, ma huang, which means "yellow hemp". Ephedra is also sometimes called sea grape (from the French raisin de mer), although that is also a common name for Coccoloba uvifera.
[edit
Species
The following list of species is from the Gymnosperm Database page for Ephedra.
Ephedra alata Decne
Ephedra altissima Desf.
Ephedra antisyphilitica Berl. ex C.
A.
Meyer - Clapweed, Erect Ephedra
Ephedra aspera Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Boundary Ephedra, Pitamoreal
Ephedra californica S.Wats. - California Ephedra, California Jointfir
Ephedra coryi E.L.Reed - Cory's Ephedra
Ephedra cutleri Peebles - Navajo Ephedra, Cutler's Ephedra, Cutler Mormon-tea, Cutler's Jointfir
Ephedra distachya L. - Joint-pine, Jointfir
Ephedra distachya subsp. helvetica (C.
A.
Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra equisetina Bunge - Ma huang
Ephedra fasciculata A.Nels. - Arizona Ephedra, Arizona Jointfir, Desert Mormon-tea
Ephedra fedtschenkoae Pauls.
Ephedra fragilis Desf.
Ephedra fragilis subsp. campylopoda (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra frustillata Miers - Patagonian Ephedra
Ephedra funerea Coville & Morton - Death Valley Ephedra, Death Valley Jointfir
Ephedra gerardiana Wallich ex C.A.Meyer - Gerard's Jointfir, Shan Ling Ma Huang
Ephedra intermedia Schrenk ex C.A.Meyer
Ephedra lepidosperma C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra likiangensis Florin
Ephedra macedonica Kos.
Ephedra major Host
Ephedra major subsp.
procera Fischer & C.A.Meyer
Ephedra minuta Florin
Ephedra monosperma C.A.Meyer
Ephedra viridis in western NevadaEphedra nevadensis S.Wats. - Nevada Ephedra, Nevada Jointfir, Nevada Mormon-tea
Ephedra pedunculata Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Vine Ephedra, Vine Jointfir
Ephedra przewalskii Stapf
Ephedra przewalskii var. kaschgarica (B.Fedtsch. & Bobr.) C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra regeliana Florin - Xi Zi Ma Huang
Ephedra saxatilis (Stapf) Royle ex Florin
Ephedra sinica Stapf - Ma Huang, Chinese ephedra
Ephedra torreyana S.Wats. - Torrey's Ephedra, Torrey's Jointfir, Torrey's Mormon-tea, Cañutillo
Ephedra trifurca Torrey ex S.
Wats.
- Longleaf Ephedra, Longleaf Jointfir, Longleaf Mormon-tea, Popotilla, Teposote
Ephedra viridis Coville - Green Ephedra, Green Mormon-tea
edit
Uses and health concerns
Ephedra distachyaThese plants have traditionally been used by indigenous people for a variety of medicinal purposes, and are a likely candidate for the Soma plant of Indo-Iranian religion. The alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are the active constituents of the plant.
Some species in the Ephedra genus have zero alEphedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in the family Ephedraceae and order Ephedrales. These plants occur in dry climates over a wide area mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, across southern Europe, north Africa, southwest and central Asia, southwestern North America, and, in the Southern Hemisphere, in South America south to Patagonia. They are also called Joint-pine, Jointfir, or Mormon-tea. The Chinese name is 麻黄, ma huang, which means "yellow hemp". Ephedra is also sometimes called sea grape (from the French raisin de mer), although that is also a common name for Coccoloba uvifera.
edit
Species
The following list of species is from the Gymnosperm Database page for Ephedra.
Ephedra alata Decne
Ephedra altissima Desf.
Ephedra antisyphilitica Berl. ex C.A.Meyer - Clapweed, Erect Ephedra
Ephedra aspera Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Boundary Ephedra, Pitamoreal
Ephedra californica S.Wats. - California Ephedra, California Jointfir
Ephedra coryi E.
L.
Reed - Cory's Ephedra
Ephedra cutleri Peebles - Navajo Ephedra, Cutler's Ephedra, Cutler Mormon-tea, Cutler's Jointfir
Ephedra distachya L. - Joint-pine, Jointfir
Ephedra distachya subsp. helvetica (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra equisetina Bunge - Ma huang
Ephedra fasciculata A.Nels. - Arizona Ephedra, Arizona Jointfir, Desert Mormon-tea
Ephedra fedtschenkoae Pauls.
Ephedra fragilis Desf.
Ephedra fragilis subsp. campylopoda (C.A.Meyer) Aschers.
& Graebn.
Ephedra frustillata Miers - Patagonian Ephedra
Ephedra funerea Coville & Morton - Death Valley Ephedra, Death Valley Jointfir
Ephedra gerardiana Wallich ex C.A.Meyer - Gerard's Jointfir, Shan Ling Ma Huang
Ephedra intermedia Schrenk ex C.A.Meyer
Ephedra lepidosperma C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra likiangensis Florin
Ephedra macedonica Kos.
Ephedra major Host
Ephedra major subsp.
procera Fischer & C.A.Meyer
Ephedra minuta Florin
Ephedra monosperma C.A.Meyer
Ephedra viridis in western NevadaEphedra nevadensis S.Wats. - Nevada Ephedra, Nevada Jointfir, Nevada Mormon-tea
Ephedra pedunculata Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Vine Ephedra, Vine Jointfir
Ephedra przewalskii Stapf
Ephedra przewalskii var. kaschgarica (B.Fedtsch. & Bobr.) C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra regeliana Florin - Xi Zi Ma Huang
Ephedra saxatilis (Stapf) Royle ex Florin
Ephedra sinica Stapf - Ma Huang, Chinese ephedra
Ephedra torreyana S.Wats. - Torrey's Ephedra, Torrey's Jointfir, Renal Diet Torrey's Mormon-tea, Cañutillo
Ephedra trifurca Torrey ex S.Wats. - Longleaf Ephedra, Longleaf Jointfir, Longleaf Mormon-tea, Popotilla, Teposote
Ephedra viridis Coville - Green Ephedra, Green Mormon-tea
edit
Uses and health concerns
Ephedra distachyaThese plants have traditionally been used by indigenous people for a variety of medicinal purposes, and are a likely candidate for the Soma plant of Indo-Iranian religion. The alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are the active constituents of the plant. Some species in the Ephedra genus have zero al
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